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The relationship between climate change and violent conflict remains an important and contested area of research. Rather than assuming a simple causal connection, this panel investigates the political, economic and social pathways through which climate-related pressures may interact with existing sources of instability. Papers may address resource competition, livelihood insecurity, displacement, state capacity, armed groups, communal violence, fragile states and peacebuilding. Comparative and case-based research can also explore the conditions under which climate stresses contribute to conflict, cooperation or new forms of political accommodation.